高中数学知识点整理:三角函数公式大全
导语:三角函数看似很多,很复杂,但只要掌握了三角函数的本质及内部规律就会发现三角函数各个公式之间有强大的联系。下面是小编为您收集整理的高中数学三角函数公式大全,欢迎阅读!
cos(α+β)=cosα·cosβ-sinα·sinβ
cos(α-β)=cosα·cosβ+sinα·sinβ
sin(α±β)=sinα·cosβ±cosα·sinβ
tan(α+β)=(tanα+tanβ)/(1-tanα·tanβ)
tan(α-β)=(tanα-tanβ)/(1+tanα·tanβ)
sinθ+sinφ = 2 sin[(θ+φ)/2] cos[(θ-φ)/2]
sinθ-sinφ = 2 cos[(θ+φ)/2] sin[(θ-φ)/2]
cosθ+cosφ = 2 cos[(θ+φ)/2] cos[(θ-φ)/2]
cosθ-cosφ = -2 sin[(θ+φ)/2] sin[(θ-φ)/2]
tanA+tanB=sin(A+B)/cosAcosB=tan(A+B)(1-tanAtanB)
tanA-tanB=sin(A-B)/cosAcosB=tan(A-B)(1+tanAtanB)
sinαsinβ = [cos(α-β)-cos(α+β)] /2
cosαcosβ = [cos(α+β)+cos(α-β)]/2
sinαcosβ = [sin(α+β)+sin(α-β)]/2
cosαsinβ = [sin(α+β)-sin(α-β)]/2
sin α=∠α的'对边 / 斜边
cos α=∠α的邻边 / 斜边
tan α=∠α的对边 / ∠α的邻边
cot α=∠α的邻边 / ∠α的对边
Sin2A=2SinA?CosA
Cos2A=CosA^2-SinA^2=1-2SinA^2=2CosA^2-1
tan2A=(2tanA)/(1-tanA^2)
(注:SinA^2 是sinA的平方 sin2(A) )
sin3α=4sinα·sin(π/3+α)sin(π/3-α)
cos3α=4cosα·cos(π/3+α)cos(π/3-α)
tan3a = tan a · tan(π/3+a)· tan(π/3-a)
sin3a
=sin(2a+a)
=sin2acosa+cos2asina
Asinα+Bcosα=(A^2+B^2)^(1/2)sin(α+t),其中
sint=B/(A^2+B^2)^(1/2)
cost=A/(A^2+B^2)^(1/2)
tant=B/A
Asinα+Bcosα=(A^2+B^2)^(1/2)cos(α-t),tant=A/B
sin^2(α)=(1-cos(2α))/2=versin(2α)/2
cos^2(α)=(1+cos(2α))/2=covers(2α)/2
tan^2(α)=(1-cos(2α))/(1+cos(2α))
tanα+cotα=2/sin2α
tanα-cotα=-2cot2α
1+cos2α=2cos^2α
1-cos2α=2sin^2α
1+sinα=(sinα/2+cosα/2)^2
=2sina(1-sina)+(1-2sina)sina
=3sina-4sina
cos3a
=cos(2a+a)
=cos2acosa-sin2asina
=(2cosa-1)cosa-2(1-sina)cosa
=4cosa-3cosa
sin3a=3sina-4sina
=4sina(3/4-sina)
=4sina[(√3/2)-sina]
=4sina(sin60°-sina)
=4sina(sin60°+sina)(sin60°-sina)
=4sina*2sin[(60+a)/2]cos[(60°-a)/2]*2sin[(60°-a)/2]cos[(60°-a)/2]
=4sinasin(60°+a)sin(60°-a)
cos3a=4cosa-3cosa
=4cosa(cosa-3/4)
=4cosa[cosa-(√3/2)]
=4cosa(cosa-cos30°)
=4cosa(cosa+cos30°)(cosa-cos30°)
=4cosa*2cos[(a+30°)/2]cos[(a-30°)/2]*{-2sin[(a+30°)/2]sin[(a-30°)/2]}
=-4cosasin(a+30°)sin(a-30°)
=-4cosasin[90°-(60°-a)]sin[-90°+(60°+a)]
=-4cosacos(60°-a)[-cos(60°+a)]
=4cosacos(60°-a)cos(60°+a)
上述两式相比可得
tan3a=tanatan(60°-a)tan(60°+a)
tan(A/2)=(1-cosA)/sinA=sinA/(1+cosA);
cot(A/2)=sinA/(1-cosA)=(1+cosA)/sinA.
sin^2(a/2)=(1-cos(a))/2
cos^2(a/2)=(1+cos(a))/2
tan(a/2)=(1-cos(a))/sin(a)=sin(a)/(1+cos(a))
sin(α+β+γ)=sinα·cosβ·cosγ+cosα·sinβ·cosγ+cosα·cosβ·sinγ-sinα·sinβ·sinγ
cos(α+β+γ)=cosα·cosβ·cosγ-cosα·sinβ·sinγ-sinα·cosβ·sinγ-sinα·sinβ·cosγ
tan(α+β+γ)=(tanα+tanβ+tanγ-tanα·tanβ·tanγ)/(1-tanα·tanβ-tanβ·tanγ-tanγ·tanα)
sin(-α) = -sinα
cos(-α) = cosα
tan (—a)=-tanα
sin(π/2-α) = cosα
cos(π/2-α) = sinα
sin(π/2+α) = cosα
cos(π/2+α) = -sinα
sin(π-α) = sinα
cos(π-α) = -cosα
sin(π+α) = -sinα
cos(π+α) = -cosα
tanA= sinA/cosA
tan(π/2+α)=-cotα
tan(π/2-α)=cotα
tan(π-α)=-tanα
tan(π+α)=tanα
诱导公式记背诀窍:奇变偶不变,符号看象限
sinα=2tan(α/2)/[1+tan^(α/2)]
cosα=[1-tan^(α/2)]/1+tan^(α/2)]
tanα=2tan(α/2)/[1-tan^(α/2)]
(1)(sinα)^2+(cosα)^2=1
(2)1+(tanα)^2=(secα)^2
(3)1+(cotα)^2=(cscα)^2
证明下面两式,只需将一式,左右同除(sinα)^2,第二个除(cosα)^2即可
(4)对于任意非直角三角形,总有
tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC
证:
A+B=π-C
tan(A+B)=tan(π-C)
(tanA+tanB)/(1-tanAtanB)=(tanπ-tanC)/(1+tanπtanC)
整理可得
tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC
得证
同样可以得证,当x+y+z=nπ(n∈Z)时,该关系式也成立
由tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC可得出以下结论
(5)cotAcotB+cotAcotC+cotBcotC=1
(6)cot(A/2)+cot(B/2)+cot(C/2)=cot(A/2)cot(B/2)cot(C/2)
(7)(cosA)^2+(cosB)^2+(cosC)^2=1-2cosAcosBcosC
(8)(sinA)^2+(sinB)^2+(sinC)^2=2+2cosAcosBcosC
(9)sinα+sin(α+2π/n)+sin(α+2π*2/n)+sin(α+2π*3/n)+……+sin[α+2π*(n-1)/n]=0
cosα+cos(α+2π/n)+cos(α+2π*2/n)+cos(α+2π*3/n)+……+cos[α+2π*(n-1)/n]=0 以及
sin^2(α)+sin^2(α-2π/3)+sin^2(α+2π/3)=3/2
tanAtanBtan(A+B)+tanA+tanB-tan(A+B)=0
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